General Therapy Articles: 

Neville C, Beurskens C, Diels J, MacDowell S, Rankin S. Consensus Among International Facial Therapy Experts for the Management of Adults with Unilateral Facial Palsy: A Two-Stage Nominal Group and Delphi Study. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med. 2024 Jul-Aug;26(4):405-417. 

Neville C, Gwynn T, Young K, Jordan E, Malhotra R, Nduka C, Kannan RY. Comparative Study of Multimodal Therapy in Facial Palsy Patients. Arch Plast Surg. 2022 Sep 23;49(5):633-641. 

Diels HJ. Facial paralysis: is there a role for a therapist? Facial Plast Surg. 2000;16(4):361-4. 

Robinson MW, Baiungo J. Facial Rehabilitation: Evaluation and Treatment Strategies for the Patient with Facial Palsy. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2018 Dec;51(6):1151-1167. 

Varelas EA, Gidumal S, Verma H, Vujovic D, Rosenberg JD, Gray M. Physical therapy for idiopathic facial paralysis: A systematic review. Am J Otolaryngol. 2025 Jan-Feb;46(1):104511. 

Comprehensive Articles: 

Mehdizadeh OB, Diels J, White WM. Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Facial Paralysis. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2016 Feb;24(1):11-20.

Jowett N, Hadlock TA. An Evidence-Based Approach to Facial Reanimation. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2015 Aug;23(3):313-34.  

General Surgery Articles:

Horen SR, Gantiwala S, Hamidian Jahromi A, Konofaos P. A Historical Perspective on the Management of Facial Paralysis: From Ancient Civilizations to the Modern Era. Ann Plast Surg. 2022 May 1;88(5):473-478. 

Kim J. Neural Reanimation Advances and New Technologies. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2016 Feb;24(1):71-84. 

The Facial Nerve

Authors: William Slattery and Babek Azzzadeh

 Publisher: Thieme 2014

Management of Post Facial Paralysis Synkinesis

Authors: Babek Azzzadeh and Charles Nduka

Publisher: Elsevier 2021